Greenland Ice Mass Balance – 2025

Close-up of crystalline blue ice formations in an Arctic environment, with soft reflections and a blurred background.

From NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT

By Paul Homewood

Header of the Polar Portal website showing the title 'Surface Conditions' related to monitoring ice and climate in the Arctic.
Graph showing the Surface Mass Balance (SMB) of Greenland for the years 2024-2025, with distinct lines indicating mass gain and loss across different months.
https://polarportal.dk/en/greenland/surface-conditions

Greenland’s ice cap surface mass balance grew by more than 400 Gt in the last 12 months, about 50 Gt more than average. This was largely due to heavy snowfall in early summer, coupled with the summer melt starting late.

As usual, here is a reminder from DMI about what this all means:

A map depicting the surface mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet, showing areas of gain and loss of ice mass due to snowfall and runoff.

When calving and all other losses are taken into account, the ice cap is losing about 200 Gt a year, slightly less than in the first decade of this century, and at a similar rate to the 1930s.

In short, melting of the ice cap began around 1900, with a temporary halt during the much colder decades of the 190s, 70s and 80s when the AMO turned negative. There is no real sign of acceleration.

Given this year’s SMB, the overall Mass Balance loss this year will probably be similar to last year’s around 140 Gt.

A gigatonne is a billion tonnes. Greenland’s ice sheet is estimated to weigh about 3 million Gt, so it would take about 21000 years to melt away at current rates!


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